PARA COMEÇAR... 3
For Starters... 3
>>European Portuguese | Switch to Brazilian Portuguese

*When you see "B "P, this means that you can click to hear how the word or phrase sounds in Brazil (Brazilian dialect) and Portugal (European dialect).*

This lesson is the last in a series of Para começar introductory lessons. Please link back to the Portuguese Online Lessons page to view all of the lessons offered on this site.

Setting:

Roberto and Ana are both eating in a café in the city. Ana thinks she recognizes Roberto, but she's not sure if she remembers his name. Boldly, he makes the first move:

(Note that the word garçom means waiter)

It's a short encounter, but you have a lot to learn from it:

• Desculpe, if you've forgotten, means sorry or excuse me in every sense except for the one we're about to learn a few lines down.
• Como se chama? is a new way to ask What's your name? It actually means "How do you call yourself?"
• Eu me chamo means My name is and is a response to Como se chama?
• Ana does not respond Eu me chamo or O meu nome é, but Sou. If you remember, Sou de I am from... is our response to questions of origin. Sou means I am. She says I am Ana.
• When you bump into someone or need to excuse any physical movement, com licença is the preferred phrase to use. Consider it more of a pardon me than an I'm sorry.
• Faça favor is an extremely common phrase that means please or please do. Here, it works as a response to com licença pardon.
• Quantos anos tem? asks for someone's age, How old are you? The answer is Tenho ___ anos I am ___ years old, where you will fill the blank with your age, or any number of your choosing.
• outra vez means again. Actually, outra means (an)other and vez means time (as in how many times are you going to do that? and not what time is it?). It's the time of time around (first time around, another time around), not the time on the clock.
• Tchau is borrowed from the Italian Ciao. It is a nice, informal goodbye between friends or colleagues. We have to spell it with Tch- because ch makes the sound of sh in shop.

MAIS E MAIS PERGUNTAS E RESPOSTAS
More and More Questions and Answers

Roberto may have checked his watch and run off, but we're still here. That means that we can put the finishing touches on our beginning conversation tables.

Greetings

Asking someone's name

Asking someone's place of origin

Asking someone's age

Excusing, interrupting and apologizing

Responding to yes-no questions

Thanking someone

Saying Goodbye

NUMBERS 1-10

You're going to learn to count outra vez again, this time (around) in your new language. You will begin with the numbers one through ten.

In the dialogue, both Roberto and Ana gave 20 as their age. The number 20 is vinte "B "P in Portuguese.

PRONUNCIATION (Stressing Words Out)

In both English and Portuguese, words are stressed, meaning that, when speaking the language, we emphasize or accent a certain syllable. Before understanding when to stress that certain syllable, we must first be able to cut any word into syllables.

Since even linguists argue among themselves about where one syllable ends and another begins, let's not travel too far into the specifics. The easiest way for a beginner to brake any word into syllables is to count the vowels. A word like philosophy can be daunting until you test that theory: phi-lo-so-phy. Four syllables!
>example filosofia philosophy is pronounced fi-lo-so-fi-a. Five syllables.

Do you recall that diphthongs count as a "single vowel sound"? Keep our new friends in mind: ai, au, ei, eu, oi, ou and ui.
>example auto is pronounced au-to. Two syllables.

Now we add the stress. In Portuguese, stress follows simpler rules than in English:

>>A word ending in a vowel, m or s is stressed on the second-to-last syllable.
>example au-to, fa-lam, au-tos, lu-zes

>>A word ending in a consonant, i or u is stressed on the last syllable.
>example fa-lar, hin-du

Some explanations:
-m and -s are very common endings on nouns and verbs. You'll soon stress the second-to-last syllable subconsciously.

Words ending in -i or -u are rare, usually foreign.

ACCENT MARKS
In English, we have a similar set of rules for stressing words like mo-ney and ho-tel, but there is no easy way to determine whether or not a given word follows these rules in writing. If we ever break the rules in Portuguese, we have to indicate it in the written language. In other words, whenever there are exceptions to any of the rules you've just learned, the word you're looking at will have to tell you.

Now you may wonder, how does it tell me this? Believe it or not, you've already seen some examples. Irregular stress is shown with an accent mark on the irregularly accented syllable (the one that breaks the rules).

á â é ê í ó ô ú

A
written á
>example es-tá, diário
(without the accent we would say es-ta, di-a-ri-o)

unless it's found before m or n, where it's written â
>example câ-ma-ra vs. ca-ma
(without the accent we would say ca-ma-ra)

E (you've seen these rules before)
written é when pronounced like the e in let
>example é-ti-co, Jo-sé
(without the accent we would say e-ti-co, Jo-se)

written ê when pronounced like the e in they
>example vo-cê
(without the accent we would say vo-ce)

I
written í
>example im-plí-ci-to, e-xer-cí-cio
(without the accent we would say im-pli-ci-to, e-xer-ci-ci-o)

O (you've also seen these rules before)
written ó when pronounced like the o in sock
>example a-vó, óp-ti-mo, qui-ló-me-tro (Portugal)*
(without the accent we would say a-vo, op-ti-mo, qui-lo-me-tro)

written ô when pronounced like the o in throw
>example a-vô, qui-lô-me-tro (Brazil)*
(without the accent we would say a-vo, qui-lo-me-tro)

*The word kilometer is quilômetro in Brazil and quilómetro in Portugal.

U
written ú
>example úl-ti-mo
(without the accent we would say ul-ti-mo)

Now, where should you emphasize filosofia?

A. YOUR TURN TO STRESS

Here is a list of words. Try to pronounce them aloud, paying close attention to where you break the syllables and which syllable you stress in each word. Try not to reference the Understanding the Language section during this exercise.

câmara filosofia você prazer avó auto avô falar está luzes muito hindu ético

B. WHAT NUMER IS THAT?

This exercise is similar to the one above, but you will not be given any words to pronounce here. Instead, you must read each number aloud. Click on the number after you have finished to hear the pronunciation. Do not reference the Understanding the Language section during this exercise.

7 9 2 4 8 5 1 10 3

Portugal is the country on the southwestern-most edge of the European continent. It's location on the Iberian peninsula with its much larger neighbor, Spain, has influenced its history. However, a chain of low mountains separates the large coastal cities of Portugal from Spain, which has created an unmistakeably dynamic relationship with Portugal's only other neighbor: the sea.

The largest cities are found along the coast of central and northern Portugal. Lisboa Lisbon is both the capital and the largest city. Lisbon also has the largest commercial sector. Further to the north, Coimbra has long been the country's center of education and scholarship. O Porto, whose name means The Port, is another popular destination in the northern half of the country.

Portugal enjoys a very moderate maritime clima climate throughout the northern and central regions. In the south, an arid Mediterranean climate keeps even winter days sunny and somewhat warm on the beaches of the Algarve.

Here are the key points to review in this lesson:

• The completion of our conversation tables, adding phrases like how old are you?, pardon me and ciao.

• How to chop words into syllables and squeeze one syllable in every word until it pops.

• How to count to ten in Portuguese. And how to say the number 20. But not 0.

I hope that you've thoroughly enjoyed these PARA COMEÇAR lessons. With the knowledge you've gained here, you should be very ready to tackle the Lições lessons pages. Parabéns! Congratulations on completing your first step toward fluency in Portuguese!

If you have any feedback, questions, comments, or suggestions on these lessons, please write to me at talktume@hotmail.com.

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