Basic Spanish for the Virtual Student- Section 7
SHORT ACHIEVABLE GOALS
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Stem changer verbs c -> qu
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Stem changer verbs g -> gu
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Stem changer verbs z -> c
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Stem changer verbs c -> z
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Stem changer verbs g -> j
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Irregular Verbs for laughter and smiles
STEM CHANGERS C -> QU
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buscar, comunicar, explicar, indicar, sacar, tocar, etc.
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the first person preterit changes
buscar |
busqué |
comunicar |
comuniqué |
explicar |
expliqué |
indicar |
indiqué |
sacar |
saqué |
tocar |
toqué |
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The present subjunctive undergoes the same change
busque |
busques |
busque |
busquemos |
busquéis |
busquen |
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The third person singular subjunctive is shown
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And of course it is the same word as the first person singular
subjunctive
buscar |
busque |
comunicar |
comunique |
explicar |
explique |
indicar |
indique |
sacar |
saque |
tocar |
toque |
STEM CHANGERS G -> GU
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llegar, navegar, negar, pagar
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First person preterit is effected
llegar |
llegué |
navegar |
navegué |
negar |
negué |
pagar |
pagué |
pegar |
pegué |
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The present subjunctive also changes
llegue |
llegues |
llegue |
lleguemos |
lleguéis |
lleguen |
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Third person singular forms are shown
llegar |
llegue |
navegar |
navegue |
negar |
niegue |
pagar |
pague |
pegar |
pegue |
STEM CHANGERS Z -> C
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abrazar, alcanzar, comenzar, cruzar, empezar, gozar
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The first person preterit changes
abrazar |
abracé |
alcanzar |
alcancé |
almorzar |
almorcé |
alzar |
alcé |
comenzar |
comencé |
cruzar |
crucé |
empezar |
empecé |
gozar |
gocé |
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Present Subjunctive
abrace |
abraces |
abrace |
abracemos |
abracéis |
abracen |
STEM CHANGER C -> Z
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convencer, ejercer, esparcir, fruncir, torcer, vencer, zurcir
convencer |
convenzo |
ejercer |
ejerzo |
esparcir |
esparzo |
fruncir |
frunzo |
torcer |
torzo |
vencer |
venzo |
zurcir |
zurzo |
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Third person present subjunctive
convenza |
convenzas |
convenza |
convenzamos |
convenzáis |
convenzan |
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third person subjunctive examples
convencer |
convenza |
ejercer |
ejerza |
esparir |
esparza |
fruncir |
frunza |
torcer |
tuerza |
zurcir |
zurza |
STEM CHANGERS G -> J
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afligir, coger, corregir, dirigir, erigir, escoger, exigir,
fingir, proteger, rugir
afligir |
aflijo |
coger |
cojo |
corregir |
corrijo |
dirigir |
dirijo |
erigir |
erijo |
escoger |
escojo |
exigir |
exijo |
finger |
finjo |
proteger |
protejo |
rugir |
rujo |
LAUGHTER AND SMILES
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The verbs 'to laugh' and 'to smile' have an accent on the
'i', so they are not true -ir verbs.
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sonreír- to smile
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reír- to laugh
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They have accent marks in the present indicative
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The 'e' disappears in four instances
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present indicative
río |
sonrío |
ríes |
sonríes |
ríe |
sonríe |
reímos |
sonreímos |
reís |
sonreís |
ríen |
sonríen |
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Preterit
sonreí |
reí |
sonreíste |
reíste |
sonrió |
rió |
sonreímos |
reímos |
sonreísteis |
reísteis |
sonrieron |
rieron |